Commento su I Samuele 21:1
וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ וִיהוֹנָתָ֖ן בָּ֥א הָעִֽיר׃
E si alzò e se ne andò; e Jonathan andò in città.
Rashi on I Samuel
And as for the youths, I have sent them ahead. An expression of troubling; the young men who came out with me, I have troubled them to go before me to a secret, hidden place.
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Rashi on I Samuel
I have troubled. Similar to, 'And with them he broke [וַידַׁע] the men of Succos.'1 Shoftim 8:16.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Certain secret. [אַלְמֹנִי is derived from] 'אַלְמוֹן' [=widower], bereft of a name; for I do not want to mention it, because it is a secret matter.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Hidden. Similar to כִּי יִפָּלֵא [=will be concealed],2Devarim 17:8. will be hidden.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Or whatever there is. If there are not five,3Talmud Yerushalmi Succah 5:8 explains why Dovid asked for five loaves of bread. Dovid asked for bread from Achimelech who was a member of the family of kohanim that had just completed its service; and their share was five loaves of the showbread. give me whatever is in your possession.
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Rashi on I Samuel
From women. With difficulty, I give them to non-kohanim to eat, but it is impossible to give it to unclean people to eat.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Have been kept from us. Withheld from us.4They seem to have treated even ordinary food as if it were holy food as in above 20:26.
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Rashi on I Samuel
The garments of the youths were pure. [Literally 'holy'] pure.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Even though it is an ordinary mission. And the bread, once it has been removed from the table, and they have burned the spoonfuls [of frankincense], it is almost common, because it has been excluded from [the prohibition of] מְעִילָה as soon as it becomes permitted for the kohanim [to eat].5The phrase וְהוּא דֶרֶךְ הֹל can then be translated as ‘it has already been made non-sacred’ referring to the showbreads [not to the mission], that they had lost some of their sanctity once the frankincense had been burnt.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Even more so today it will remain sacred in the vessel. Even if today were the beginning of its sanctity on the table, I would be obliged to take it from there and feed ourselves, for a ravenous hunger has seized us, and our lives are in danger. Thus it is explained in [Maseches] Menachos.6
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Rashi on I Samuel
In order to put hot bread. Other warm bread on the day this was removed. Our Rabbis said, that it was warm on the day it was taken, i.e., it was as warm on the day it was removed as it was on the day it was arranged.7See Maseches Menachos 96a and Chagigah 26b which describes the miracle of the showbread; it retained its warmth and freshness after lying on the table more than a week. The preservation of warmth and freshness symbolized that ה׳ preserves the strength of the Bnei Yisroel and never allows it to fully dissipate.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Who remained before Adonoy. He tarried before the Tent of Meeting to engage in the study of Torah.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Chief of Shaul's shepherds. The head of the tribunal.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Perhaps you have in your possession. And if there is here.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Urgent. Hurried.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Wrapped. It was wrapped, and similarly, 'and he wrapped [וַיָלֶט] his face in his mantle.'8I Melachim 19:13.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Behind the eiphod. After having consulted the Urim and Tumim he said this [statement]. And so did Targum Yonoson render, 'after he had consulted the eiphod for him.'9I.e., אַחֲרֵי הָאֵפוֹד is not part of Achimelech’s reply to Dovid, rather it relates to the sequence of events. Only after asking the Urim and Tumim did Achimelech tell Dovid to take the sword.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Is this not Dovid, the king of the land. They said to Achish, "There was a stipulation between us: 'If he will be able to fight me and kill me, then we will become your slaves.'10Above 17:9. You have no choice but to get off your throne and let him become king of this land."
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Rashi on I Samuel
His behavior. His words.
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Rashi on I Samuel
And feigned madness. He acted insane.11The Midrash relates that Dovid said to ה׳ that he understood all creation of ה׳ with the exception of madness, for which he saw no purpose. ה׳ then responded that He will demonstrate to him the value of madness and that Dovid will need it.12I.e., he wrote in a normal handwriting, irrational statements.
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Rashi on I Samuel
He scribbled. He wrote.13He wrote, ‘Ochish the King of Gas owes me one hundred thousand gold coins and his wife owes me fifty.’
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Rashi on I Samuel
His saliva. His saliva; anything which drips is called 'ריר' as in, 'in saliva [בְּרִיר] of health',14Iyov 6:6. and as in, '[whether] his flesh run [דָר]'.15Vayikra 15:3.
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Rashi on I Samuel
Should such [a person] come into my house. This is in the form of a question; it is [i.e., the 'ה'] therefore punctuated by a חֲטַף פַּתָּח and [the ז] is not punctuated by a דָגֵּשׁ.
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